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Du befindest dich in der Kategorie: Allgemeines

Sonntag, 05. November 2006
3. entry
By sandrastender, 20:11

 

Dear diary

 

Theme music for to the present entry is “under the influence” from James Morisson

What ever I do I’m under the influence of you...”

under normal circumstances it is a love song, but I thought that some parts and the title would perfectly match up with today’s topic.

 

Development of English (I wasn't able to put the diagramm in)

 The celtic tribes settled in Britain around 480 BC. There are still some places which are settled by offsprings of celtic tribes, for example Scottland and Wales. After the celts, the Romans conquered Britain. After this the Britain was occupied by Angles, Saxons, Jutes, Danes and Frisans. They settled along the east coast of Britain. They had a practicall reason for their choice. The northsea coast was not very suitable for good living and the east coast offered better conditions for farming etc. After them the Vikings arrived in Britain. They were a successful trading culture with traiding posts in Asia and Europe and they were more professional in navigation than other cultures. There are still some cities in Great Britain and Denmark (ending with –be), whose names refer to the celtic settlement. The Vikings were followed by the Normans(1066). The Normans were French from the Normandy. William the conquerer came with an army and defeaded the English king Harald. Norman French became official language in Britain and  about 10.000 words were adopted into English, some three-fourths of which are still in use today.(like toilet-toilette, red-rouge etc.).

The diagramm shows that English vocabulary is taken from all different resources (wine- lat. vino, guitar –fr. guitarre etc.).

But it was astonishing to hear that Enlish and german were pretty much the same 2000 years ago. Both language refer to Old germanic. After the seperation of different tribes, different varieties were spoken. Finally we talked about the brothers Grimm, who did a research on the change of the Germanic language and the question why the Germanic language became different from the other European languages. They focused on the languagechange.

To come back to my song for today, Mr. Gibbon said a nice sentence:”We all say that we are German, or English, or what ever, but in fact we are Welsh!” ;-) or to say with the song’s words “what ever I do I’m under the influence of Welsh...

 

Tasks:

Task: Prepare reports for discussion on ...

– What are the following, and how old are they ? -

● Indo-European

also called the indo Arien or Indo Germanic language. The Indo european language comprises most of the language families in Europe, which are spoken by the largest group of speakers(three billion native speakers). It is the family of several hundred related language families and dialects, including the major languages like French, English, German etc. The first historical attestion of the Indo European languages were the Anatolien languages from 4000-8000 BC.

 

● Proto-Germanic

Proto Germanic was unwritten. So there are no realistic documents, that can proof the existens of the language. But one can compare languages to each other to adduce as evidence. Proto Germanic is the common ancestor (proto-language) of all Germanic languages, including modern English and German. Some loanwords exist in neighbouring non-Germanic languages which are believed to have been borrowed from Germanic during the Proto-Germanic phase; an example is Finnish and Estonian kuningas "king", which closely resembles the reconstructed Proto-Germanic *kuningaz. (www.wikipedia.de)

● Old English

Between the mid-fifth century and the mid-twelfth century, Old English, the early form of English was spoken in parts of what is now England and southern Scotland. It is closely related to Old Frisian and Old Saxon because it is West germanic Language. It also experienced heavy influence from Old Norse, a member of the related North Germanic group of languages

● Middle English

The name is given by historical linguistics to the diverse forms of the English language spoken between the Norman invasion of 1066 and the mid-to-late 15th century, when the Chancery Standard, a form of London-based English, began to become widespread, a process aided by the introduction of the printing press into England by William Caxton in the 1470s, and slightly later by Richard Pynson. By this time the Northumbrian dialect spoken in south east Scotland was developing into the Scots language. The language of England as spoken after this time, up to 1650, is known as Early Modern English. (www.wikipedia.de)

● Early Modern English

It refers to the stage of the English language used from about the end of the Middle English period (the latter half of the 1400s) to 1650. Thus, the first edition of the King James Bible and the works of William Shakespeare both belong to the late phase of Early Modern English, although the King James Bible intentionally keeps some archaisms that were not common even when it was published.The standardization of English spelling falls within the Early Modern English period, and is influenced by conventions predating the Great Vowel Shift, explaining the archaic non-phonetic spelling of contemporary Modern English.

 

– What are the main differences between English and

German?

One of the Differences is the SVO rule. German does not have such a “simple” sentence structure. It makes a difference saying: “Ich war gestern hier.” (SVO) or “Gerstern war ich hier”. Furthermore we have a different use of the tenses. The German “Perfekt” is similar in use to the English “Simple Past” and not to the Present perfect.

English contains different sounds. Etc. But we learned that some thousend years ago English and German were pretty much the same. So there must be of course more similarities than differences.

 

 

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